Laryngitis : Understanding Causes, Symptoms, and Care Options
What Is Laryngitis?
Laryngitis is an inflammation of the larynx or voice box. Your larynx is a small organ in your throat that houses the vocal cords. The vocal cords produce sound by vibrating and opening and closing smoothly. With laryngitis, the vocal cords become swollen and inflamed. This swelling prevents them from vibrating normally, and you’ll have a hoarse or muffled voice.
In Singapore, 5% of the population gets voice disorders like laryngitis every year. If you’re experiencing symptoms or want to know more about managing laryngitis, contact us today. We’ll get you back to speaking and singing in no time.
Contact our ENT specialists for an appointment today
Laryngitis Treatment Benefits
- Overall Well-being: Reduces stress and discomfort from persistent symptoms.
- Pain Relief: Relieves throat pain so you can swallow and speak more comfortably.
- Better Communication: Restores normal voice function for personal and professional interactions.
- Faster Recovery: Get back to normal sooner.
- Prevention of Complications: No chronic laryngitis or other complications.
- Better Sleep: Stop symptoms from keeping you up.
- Immune Function: Help your body fight off infections and recover.
Laryngitis Symptoms
Laryngitis presents with various symptoms affecting the throat and voice. Symptoms can vary depending on age.
- Hoarseness or complete loss of voice
- Voice may sound weak and lower in pitch
- Dry and sore throat
- Raw or tickly sensation
- Dry cough
- Difficulty speaking or swallowing
- Strained breathing due to vocal cord inflammation
- Constant urge to clear your throat
- Infection symptoms
Experiencing any of these symptoms? Don’t worry. Simply fill out this booking form or call us at +65 6950 2869 to receive help from our ENT specialists.
Types of Laryngitis
Laryngitis can be either acute, chronic or bacterial. Each type has distinct causes, symptoms, and treatments that require careful management.
Acute Laryngitis
Acute laryngitis is short-term and caused by a viral infection such as the common cold or flu. It is characterised by sudden inflammation of the voice box (larynx) and symptoms of a hoarse voice, sore throat, and dry cough.
Symptoms :
- Hoarseness or loss of voice
- Sore throat
- Dry cough
- Difficulty speaking
Treatment :
- Resting the voice: Essential.
- Hydration: Drink plenty of fluids to soothe the throat.
- Avoiding irritants: Avoid smoking and other irritants.
Most acute cases of laryngitis will recover within a week.
Chronic Laryngitis
When laryngitis lasts for more than 3 weeks, it becomes chronic laryngitis. This is usually due to long-term exposure to irritants or underlying health issues.
Symptoms :
- Hoarseness
- Throat pain
- Feeling of lump in the throat
- Cough
Treatment :
- Identifying and treating the underlying cause: For example, managing GERD or quitting smoking.
- Voice therapy: Reduces strain on the vocal cords.
- Medications: Anti-reflux medications or antifungals may be prescribed.
Most acute cases of laryngitis will recover within a week.
Bacterial Laryngitis
Symptoms :
- Hoarseness
- Throat pain
- Feeling of lump in the throat
- Cough
Treatment
- Antibiotics: To target the bacterial infection causing the laryngitis.
- Voice rest: Minimising vocal strain to help the vocal cords heal.
- Hydration: Drinking plenty of fluids to keep the throat moist and reduce irritation.
- Humidified air: Using a humidifier to add moisture to the air can help ease throat discomfort.
Laryngitis Causes
Acute Laryngitis:
- Viral infections: These are the most common cause of acute laryngitis.
- Overuse of the voice: Shouting or singing loudly can strain the vocal cords.
- Irritants: Smoke, allergens, or chemical exposure can contribute to laryngitis.
- Larynx trauma: Sudden trauma can cause acute laryngitis.
- Parasites: Although rare, parasitic infections can cause acute laryngeal inflammation.
Chronic Laryngitis:
- Smoking or vaping
- Alcohol
- Allergies
- Alcohol
- Acid reflux or Reflux disease: Acid reflux or Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) can cause acid to irritate the vocal cords.
- Chronic sinusitis
- Fungal infections
- Inhaled medications (e.g., asthma inhalers):
- Neurological disorders, including stroke
- Tumours
- Underactive thyroid disease
Bacterial Laryngitis:
- Secondary infection: Occurs after a viral infection, increasing vulnerability to bacterial colonisation.
- Bacterial pathogens, including: Streptococcus pneumoniae, Streptococcus pyogenes, and Staphylococcus aureus.
- Voice Strain: Overuse causes minor throat injuries that are susceptible to bacterial infection.
- Irritants: Inhaling smoke, chemicals, or alcohol can cause irritation and infection in the throat.
How Is Laryngitis Diagnosed?
Laryngitis is typically diagnosed through a medical history review and a physical examination. To confirm the condition, a laryngoscopy is often performed. In some cases, a biopsy may be necessary for further evaluation.
Laryngoscopy
Laryngoscopy is a common method used to diagnose laryngitis. During this procedure, a thin, flexible tube with a light and camera, called a nasoendoscope, is inserted through the nose to visualise the vocal cords.
This allows the doctor to directly see the larynx, look for redness, swelling, or any abnormalities of the vocal folds. Local anaesthesia is often applied to reduce discomfort during the procedure. Laryngoscopy will determine the degree of inflammation and rule out other conditions.
Biopsy
A biopsy involves taking a small tissue sample from the larynx. This procedure is typically performed if there’s a persistent change in voice or if concerning areas are observed during laryngoscopy.
The tissue sample is then examined under a microscope to detect signs of infection, cancer cells, or other abnormalities. A biopsy provides a definitive diagnosis and aids in treatment planning. This is crucial if chronic laryngitis is suspected or if initial treatments are ineffective.
Our doctors can give you an accurate diagnosis. Contact our team today.
Laryngitis Treatment
Laryngitis treatment depends on the cause. This can include antibiotics, corticosteroids, antifungals, pain relievers, and voice therapy.
Microsurgery for Vocal Cord Lesions
When laryngitis is associated with vocal cord lesions such as nodules, polyps, or cysts, microsurgery may be performed. During this procedure, the surgeon uses specialized instruments and a microscope to precisely remove or address the vocal cord abnormality. Microsurgery is minimally invasive and aims to preserve the patient’s vocal function while addressing the underlying issue.
Laryngeal Laser Surgery
Laser surgery is often used to treat certain benign or precancerous lesions in the larynx. It involves the use of a laser beam to precisely remove or vaporize abnormal tissue while minimizing damage to surrounding healthy tissue. Laryngeal laser surgery is a minimally invasive procedure and may be performed on an outpatient basis.
Laryngeal Framework Surgery
In cases where laryngitis is related to structural issues within the larynx, such as vocal cord paralysis or weakness, laryngeal framework surgery may be considered. This procedure aims to restore vocal cord function and improve voice quality. It involves the repositioning or augmentation of the vocal cords to address the underlying problem.
Laryngotracheal Reconstruction
In rare cases of severe laryngeal stenosis or damage to the airway, laryngotracheal reconstruction may be necessary. This complex procedure involves the reconstruction of the larynx and trachea to improve airflow and restore normal breathing and voice function.
However, it is essential to consult a healthcare provider to determine if antibiotics are necessary, as viral laryngitis does not respond to these medications. Overusing antibiotics can lead to side effects like stomach upset or allergic reactions.
Voice Therapy
Voice therapy involves working with a speech therapist to learn proper voice use and reduce vocal strain. Techniques include vocal exercises, lifestyle modifications and strategies for voice use.
This therapy is beneficial for individuals with chronic laryngitis caused by vocal strain. Regular sessions can improve vocal strength, prevent future problems, and ensure long-term vocal health.
Antibiotics
Antibiotics are used to treat laryngitis caused by bacterial infections. It is crucial to finish the entire course of antibiotics prescribed by your doctor to prevent antibiotic resistance. Amoxicillin and erythromycin are examples of antibiotics that can be used to treat bacterial laryngitis. These medications can help reduce symptoms like sore throat and fever.
However, it is essential to consult a healthcare provider to determine if antibiotics are necessary, as viral laryngitis does not respond to these medications. Overusing antibiotics can lead to side effects like stomach upset or allergic reactions.
Corticosteroids
They are helpful when there is significant swelling that can affect breathing. Available in oral tablets or inhalers, corticosteroids should be used under medical supervision as they can cause weight gain and mood changes. They provide quick relief but must be managed carefully as long-term use can affect the immune system.
Antifungals
Antifungal medications are necessary when laryngitis is caused by a fungal infection. Common drugs include miconazole, nystatin and fluconazole. These medications target fungi, clearing the infection and relieving symptoms. Patients must adhere to the prescribed dosage and duration. Completing the full course of treatment is essential to eliminate the infection entirely and reduce the risk of recurrence.
Pain Relievers
Pain relievers like ibuprofen and acetaminophen can ease the discomfort of laryngitis. They reduce inflammation and pain, making swallowing and speaking easier. Over-the-counter lozenges can also soothe a sore throat. Follow the recommended dosage to avoid side effects. If symptoms are severe, doctors may prescribe stronger pain medications.
Laryngitis Treatment Procedure
Before the Procedure
- Your doctor will examine you.
- They will ask about your symptoms, how long you’ve had them and what might have caused them.
- They may perform a laryngoscopy to look at your larynx.
- This uses a small mirror or flexible tube.
- If necessary, they might also take a biopsy to examine the tissue for further diagnosis.
During the Procedure
- For acute cases, voice rest and hydration will be enough.
- For severe inflammation or vocal cord lesions, specific treatment will be given.
- Steroid medication may be given to reduce severe inflammation, either by injection or oral tablets.
- If you have a vocal cord lesion, microsurgery may be needed to remove it, under general anaesthesia.
- If your chronic laryngitis is caused by acid reflux, you may need anti-reflux medication and lifestyle changes.
- These changes can include dietary changes and elevating your head during sleep.
After The Procedure
- Voice rest is still important to let your larynx heal completely.
- Don’t scream, yell or speak loudly.
- Use humidifiers, stay hydrated and avoid irritants.
- Take any prescribed medication for underlying conditions.
- Speech therapy may be recommended to teach you proper vocal technique and prevention of strain.
- Avoid spicy food and a calm environment free of irritants to help with your recovery.
- Watch for any changes or persistent symptoms and see your doctor if you have them.
- Follow up with your doctor to check on your recovery and make sure there are no complications.
Laryngitis Treatment Cost In Singapore
The cost of laryngitis treatment in Singapore varies depending on whether it is acute or chronic.
Acute laryngitis, which often resolves on its own, can typically be managed with basic treatment like hydration and over-the-counter medication, incurring minimal costs.
Chronic laryngitis, however, may require more extensive care, including doctor consultations, prescription medication, and potentially speech therapy, resulting in higher overall expenses.
Here are the estimated costs:
- General Practitioner (GP) Consultation: SGD 20 onwards
- Specialist ENT Consultation: SGD 150 onwards
- Medication (e.g. antibiotics, anti-inflammatory): SGD 10 onwards
- Speech Therapy Sessions: SGD 100 onwards per session
- Diagnostic Tests (e.g. laryngoscopy): SGD 200 onwards
While general practitioners are an accessible and cost-effective first step for many health concerns, they often have limited equipment and specialised knowledge for diagnosing and treating specific conditions like laryngitis.
Are There Subsidies For Laryngitis Treatment In Singapore?
At Nuffield ENT, we strive to make the payment process straightforward. Nuffield ENT accepts cash, NETS, bank transfer, all major credit cards (Visa, MasterCard, Amex) and Child Development Account (CDA) Baby Bonus. Alternatively, check with your insurance provider for coverage.
Why Choose Nuffield ENT for Laryngitis Treatment?
Excellent Track Record
Our clinic’s specialists have been recognised with awards. Dr Rebecca Heywood, for example, has been awarded the Gold Singapore Health Quality Service Award, underscoring our commitment to exceptional patient care and clinical excellence.
Specialised Care
Nuffield ENT in Singapore provides specialist care for laryngitis, managed by experienced ENT surgeons. Our team includes Dr Vyas M N Prasad , who specialises in voice and swallowing disorders.
Comprehensive Services
We offer a full range of ENT services. From diagnosis to treatment plans, we manage allergies, sinus infections, and voice disorders, tailoring our approach to each patient’s individual needs.
Patient Focused
Our clinic is committed to supporting patients every step of the way. Our friendly staff ensures that each visit is informative and tailored to your unique health goals.
Convenient Location
Located at Wheelock Place along Orchard Road, Nuffield ENT is easily accessible. Patients from all over Singapore can conveniently receive the care they need.
Contact our ENT specialists for an appointment today.
How To Prevent Laryngitis
To prevent laryngitis, take good care of your voice and overall health. Here are some tips:
Stay Hydrated
- Drink plenty of fluids: Keep your throat moist. Drink water regularly throughout the day.
- Avoid excessive caffeine and alcohol: These substances can dehydrate your body, including your vocal cords.
Protect Your Voice
- Don’t yell and scream: Minimising shouting and screaming can help reduce voice strain.
- Don’t whisper: Whispering can actually strain your voice more than speaking softly.
- Use a microphone: If you need to speak loudly or to a large group, use a microphone to avoid straining your voice.
Environmental Factors
- Use a humidifier: Adding moisture to the air can help prevent your throat from drying up, especially in dry climates or during winter.
- Stay away from smoky environments: Avoid exposure to smoke as it can irritate your vocal cords.
Health Practices
- Avoid colds and infections: Practice good hygiene, such as frequent handwashing, to help prevent upper respiratory infections.
- Stay away from sick people: This will reduce your risk of infection and laryngitis.
Voice Care Tips
- Rest your voice: If your throat is getting tired, take a break from speaking or singing.
- Warm up before talking a lot or singing: Gentle vocal exercises to prepare your voice for extended use.
- Steam inhalation: Inhale steam from a bowl of hot water to soothe your throat.
Diet and Lifestyle
- Eat well: Include fresh fruits, vegetables, and whole grains in your diet.
- Get enough sleep: Rest helps your immune system function properly.
Gargling with salt water can also help in maintaining throat health and preventing irritation.
Be mindful of these tips to keep your voice healthy and strong.
When to See a Doctor
Laryngitis often resolves on its own. However, it’s essential to know when to seek medical attention.
- If symptoms persist for more than 2 weeks, consult a doctor.
- Severe pain? See a doctor ASAP.
- Seeing blood in your phlegm or saliva? Book an appointment now!
- Children having difficulty breathing or swallowing? Seek medical care immediately.
Other reasons to see a doctor:
- Voice loss that doesn’t improve in a few days.
- Persistent fever.
- Breathing difficulty or shortness of breath.
Before your appointment, make sure to write down your symptoms. If you can, keep track of any major stress or recent life changes, as this information will be helpful for your doctor. If you’re feeling under the weather, our team of ENT specialists is always ready to help.
FAQs
See a doctor. While the internet may recommend rest and home remedies, nothing beats professional diagnosis and help.
Antibiotics are only needed if a bacterial infection is diagnosed.
Not typically. Laryngitis is contagious only if caused by a viral, bacterial, or fungal infection.
Most adults develop the condition once every couple of years. Practice good hygiene to prevent spread, such as washing hands regularly (before eating, after using the restroom, and after coughing or sneezing) and avoiding sharing utensils.
Typically, acute laryngitis lasts for up to a week, while chronic laryngitis can persist for over 3 weeks.
It can be, especially with the Omicron variant. Other common symptoms include fever, cough, and headache. While often temporary, persistent laryngitis might indicate long COVID. Consult a doctor if symptoms last more than two weeks.
It depends. Viral laryngitis usually resolves in a week with vocal rest. Bacterial or fungal infections may require antibiotics and take longer. Chronic laryngitis depends on underlying conditions. Prioritise vocal rest, hydration, and avoiding irritants. Return to work or school when symptoms significantly improve, especially for talk-intensive roles. If you’re not feeling well, don’t push yourself. Remember: your health and wellness come first.
Possibly, but rarely. Existing laryngitis infections or a weakened immune system can increase the risk of secondary infections. Watch for persistent symptoms like fever, shortness of breath, or chest pain and consult a doctor if needed.
When to See a Doctor
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Susaman, Nihat, et al. “Laryngitis.” Springer eBooks, 2023, pp. 1–9, doi:10.1007/978-3-031-22483-6_34-1.
Zhukhovitskaya, Alisa, and Sunil P. Verma. “Identification and Management of Chronic Laryngitis.” Otolaryngologic Clinics of North America, vol. 52, no. 4, Aug. 2019, pp. 607–16, doi:10.1016/j.otc.2019.03.004.